特朗普政府拟对60个贸易伙伴加征10%至12.5%关税

This article outlines core details of a new round of import tariffs that the Trump administration plans to impose on 60 global trading partners, which will take effect in June 2026. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Basic rules and tariff rates: The tariffs are introduced under Section 301 of the U.S. Trade Act of 1974. A 10% tariff will be applied to imports from 16 economies including Canada, the European Union and the United Kingdom, while a 12.5% tariff will be imposed on imports from 44 other economies including China, Japan and India. Categories including aircraft parts, food and rare earths, as well as Canadian and Mexican goods covered by the USMCA agreement, are exempted from the new tariffs.

2. Background and legislative process: Multiple previous tariff measures implemented by the Trump administration had previously been ruled unlawful and overreaching by U.S. courts. This new round of tariffs is being推进 twice as fast as a standard Section 301 investigation, to take effect before the expiration of existing temporary tariffs on July 24. The measures have not yet entered into force, and a public hearing will be held on July 7.

3. Reactions from stakeholders: The U.S. has justified the tariffs on the grounds of forced labor. Multiple affected economies including China, the EU and Canada have publicly refuted the unsubstantiated allegations, opposing such political manipulation and noting that a trade war serves no party’s interests.

The proposed new U.S. tariffs carry important implications for brands with global export operations targeting the U.S. market. Key insights are as follows:

1. Impact on costs and pricing: The new tariffs will directly raise costs for most U.S.-bound exports, with tariffs reaching as high as 12.5% for major exporting economies including China. Brands should recalculate profit margins in advance, adjust pricing strategies for the U.S. market, and prepare proactively to absorb rising costs.

2. Directions for supply chain and product adjustments: Clear rules have been issued for tariff-exempt product categories and regions. Brands can adjust their supply chain footprint by shifting production capacity to exempt regions, or scale up R&D and marketing for exempt product categories to mitigate the impact of higher tariffs.

3. Trends and risks: These tariffs are fundamentally political trade protectionism by the U.S., and there is risk of further escalation in trade frictions. Brands should proactively anticipate shifts in U.S. consumer trends driven by domestic price changes, and diversify into multiple markets to spread risk.

The proposed new U.S. tariffs will have a significant impact on cross-border sellers exporting to the U.S. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Policy overview: This new tariff plan was introduced after the Trump administration’s previous tariffs were ruled unlawful by U.S. courts. Justified by unsubstantiated forced labor allegations, it aims to be implemented before the expiration of existing temporary tariffs in July. The proposal is still undergoing public comment, has not entered into force, and its final outcome remains uncertain.

2. Risk assessment: Exports from 44 economies including China will face a 12.5% tariff, which directly increases export costs and substantially compresses seller profit margins. Escalating trade friction also brings uncertainty to customs clearance, logistics and other links, which requires proactive risk mitigation.

3. Opportunity assessment: Aircraft parts, food, rare earths and qualified Canadian and Mexican goods receive tariff exemptions. Sellers operating in these categories or with supply chains in eligible regions can capitalize on this policy advantage, adjust their operational strategy, and capture greater market share.

The proposed new U.S. tariffs carry multiple implications for manufacturing factories exporting to the U.S. Key insights are as follows:

1. Production adjustments: The new tariffs will raise export costs for factories based in China and other affected economies. Downstream clients will likely adjust order pricing and structure, so factories should negotiate cost-sharing arrangements with clients and adjust production plans in advance. For tariff-exempt product categories, factories can appropriately expand production capacity to capture growing demand.

2. New business opportunities: Multiple economies have rejected the U.S.’s unsubstantiated allegations, and ongoing trade tensions will drive a restructuring of global supply chains. Factories can use this moment to develop new overseas markets outside the U.S., and tap into demand for supply chain relocation across different regions to unlock new order growth.

3. Long-term strategic takeaways: This policy change highlights growing policy risk for exports to the U.S. Factories should accelerate digital transformation, expand direct-to-consumer cross-border e-commerce channels, reduce reliance on large traditional export orders, and diversify operational risk from overexposure to a single market.

The proposed new U.S. tariffs clarify emerging industry directions for cross-border trade service providers. Key insights are as follows:

1. Industry growth trends: Global trade friction has become a long-term trend, with frequent shifts in U.S. trade policy and ongoing adjustments to tariff rules. Market demand for trade compliance, policy interpretation and related services will continue to grow, creating new room for industry expansion.

2. Core client pain points: Most U.S.-export focused brands, sellers and factories face rising tariff costs and rapidly changing policy rules. Many sellers and factories lack familiarity with U.S. tariff regulations, do not know how to leverage exemption clauses to cut costs, and lack mature frameworks to manage policy risk.

3. Directions for business adjustment: Service providers can develop targeted new service offerings including tariff planning, supply chain restructuring consulting, and trade compliance advisory. These offerings help clients parse updated policy rules, leverage exemption clauses to lower costs, and adjust supply chain footprints to mitigate risk, unlocking new revenue growth for service providers.

The proposed new U.S. tariffs carry important operational implications for cross-border trade platforms. Key insights are as follows:

1. Merchant demand overview: Merchants on cross-border platforms that export to the U.S. are broadly facing rising costs and growing compliance risk, and urgently need platforms to provide authoritative policy interpretation, compliance services and supply chain matching support to help them navigate policy changes.

2. Adjustments to recruitment and operations: The new tariffs create clear cost advantages for exempt categories including aircraft parts, food and rare earths, as well as eligible Canadian and Mexican goods under USMCA. Platforms can step up targeted recruitment of merchants operating in these categories and regions, to build new category growth curves.

3. Risk mitigation guidance: Platforms should proactively push policy change risk alerts to merchants, strengthen platform compliance screening mechanisms to prevent goods linked to non-compliant supply chains from entering the platform, and mitigate compliance exposure. Platforms can also adjust operational rules including price display and logistics matching to help merchants absorb price volatility in the U.S. market.

The Trump administration’s new tariff initiative is a notable new development in the shifting global trade landscape, with significant research value for international trade scholars. Key insights are as follows:

1. New trends in trade policy: After its previous tariff measures were ruled unlawful and overreaching by the U.S. judicial system, the U.S. is now using Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act to implement new tariffs, while also advancing additional Section 301 investigations targeting overcapacity and alleged unfair trade practices. This demonstrates a new pathway for the U.S. to advance trade protectionism through domestic law, representing a new evolution of protectionist policy.

2. New challenges for global trade: The U.S. has justified these tariffs on the basis of unsubstantiated forced labor allegations, making this an essentially political exercise. This highlights the emerging challenge of non-economic interference in global trade, which creates new pressures on the existing multilateral trading system that merit in-depth research.

3. Research value: This incident provides an up-to-date, real-world case study for research on the constraints the U.S. judicial system places on executive trade policy, as well as the impact of trade protectionist policies on U.S. public finances (the new tariffs are planned to fill the fiscal gap created by previous tax cuts), making it highly valuable for empirical research.