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对比亚迪依赖加深!永励精密闯IPO:业绩“变脸” 营收转入下滑

作者:希波 文章来源:创业最前线

2026-05-20 10:34

作者:希波 文章来源:创业最前线

2026-05-20 10:34

邦小白快读

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这篇文章核心披露了正冲刺北交所IPO的浙江永励精密的经营现状与潜在风险,核心重点信息如下:

1. 企业基本情况:企业前身是1989年创办的校办集体企业,改制后成为典型家族企业,实控人家族合计掌控95%的股份表决权,董事会核心席位也由家族成员占据,主营汽车用精密钢管及零部件,已挂牌新三板,目前北交所IPO已提交注册。

2. 业绩变动情况:企业已经出现业绩变脸,2025年营收由增转降,同比下滑4.87%,2026年一季度预计营收、利润双下滑,核心产品降价后未拉动销量明显增长,全品类销量、收入普遍下滑。

3. 核心经营风险:存在过度依赖大客户、上下游集中度偏高、部分供应商资质存疑等问题,IPO进程存在较大不确定性。

本文披露的汽车上游零部件企业经营情况,能给汽车产业链品牌商提供多维度参考,干货如下:

1. 价格竞争层面:当前汽车行业价格战已经向上游二级供应商传导,零部件企业为维持头部客户合作,需要持续下调供货价格,虽能维持合作规模,但会压缩自身盈利空间,下游品牌的价格竞争压力会全方位传导至上游。

2. 客户布局层面:过度绑定单一核心大客户的风险极高,企业业绩会完全随客户的产能、需求变动波动,永励精密因比亚迪2026年初产量下滑,直接导致一季度业绩预计下滑,同时大客户还会通过调整信用政策影响企业现金流。

3. 供应链管理层面:供应商资质不合规会引发自身合规风险,甚至影响资本化进程,品牌商不管是否有上市计划,都需要提前梳理供应商资质,规避合规隐患。

本文对汽车零部件赛道的卖家有较多风险提示和经验参考,干货内容如下:

1. 行业趋势与风险提示:当前国内汽车行业增长放缓,上游零部件赛道价格竞争加剧,整体需求疲软,降价无法有效拉动销量增长,2025年多数零部件品类出现销量、收入双下滑,赛道整体经营压力加大。

2. 客户结构风险提示:高度依赖大客户的经营模式隐患极大,永励精密前五大客户占营收比例超76%,一旦核心客户需求下滑、要求降价,就会直接影响自身业绩,还会导致应收账款被占用,现金流承压。

3. IPO合规提示:如果卖家有IPO计划,上下游集中度、供应商资质都是监管核心关注要点,向参保人数为0的供应商高价采购,会引发监管对交易合理性的质疑,卖家需要提前梳理合规问题。

本文的案例对汽车零部件生产工厂有较多经营启示,干货内容如下:

1. 生产端需求层面:当前汽车行业对零部件价格敏感度持续提升,下游整车和核心零部件厂商不断压低上游采购价格,工厂需要不断优化生产、控制成本,才能应对下游的降价要求,维持合作关系。

2. 商业增长机会:进入头部整车厂的供应商体系能带来订单的快速增长,永励精密2021年进入比亚迪供应链后,对比亚迪销售额从6318万元增长到1.36亿元,一跃成为第二大客户,绑定头部整车厂是零部件工厂获得增长的重要路径。

3. 经营风险启示:工厂需要避免过度依赖单一客户和少数供应商,上下游高度集中会放大经营风险,同时供应商合规性会影响工厂自身合规,有资本化计划的工厂更要提前优化供应链结构,梳理供应商资质。

本文披露的信息,能给汽车产业链服务商提供行业参考和业务方向,干货内容如下:

1. 行业发展趋势:汽车二级零部件供应商行业头部效应凸显,头部供应商绑定头部整车厂获得订单增长,但行业整体受汽车行业景气度影响,需求疲软,价格竞争加剧,多数企业出现营收下滑,经营压力较大。

2. 客户核心痛点:一是客户结构不合理,对头部大客户依赖度高,业绩波动大,现金流受客户信用政策影响大;二是供应链管理不规范,供应链集中度高,部分供应商资质不合规,面临监管问询风险;三是拟IPO企业的资本化合规梳理不到位,股权、供应链问题容易阻碍IPO进程。

3. 业务机会:服务商可针对拟IPO汽车零部件企业,推出供应链合规梳理、客户结构优化咨询、资本化合规辅导等服务,市场需求较为明确。

本文披露的拟IPO企业案例,对资本市场平台的运营和风险规避有参考价值,干货如下:

1. 企业上市需求:细分赛道的优质制造企业普遍有登陆资本市场融资的需求,永励精密作为汽车精密零部件细分领域的企业,挂牌新三板后冲刺北交所IPO,符合北交所服务专精特新制造企业的定位,这类企业是平台重要的招商来源。

2. 平台审核方向:当前北交所对拟IPO企业的业绩可持续性、内控合规、信息披露质量要求严格,已经针对永励精密的业绩变脸、大客户依赖、供应商资质问题发出问询,重点关注企业持续经营能力。

3. 风险规避启示:平台审核拟IPO企业时,需要重点关注家族控股企业的内控合规性、上下游集中度带来的经营风险、非常规交易的合理性,提前排查风险,提升上市企业质量,保护投资者权益。

本文的永励精密IPO案例,对汽车产业研究、资本市场研究都有较高参考价值,干货如下:

1. 产业新动向:当前国内汽车产业链价格战持续传导,整车市场的价格竞争已经延伸至上游二级零部件供应商,头部整车厂议价权持续提升,上游供应商为进入头部供应链不得不接受持续降价,行业利润向上下游转移,中游零部件企业利润空间被不断压缩。

2. 产业新问题:细分零部件赛道企业普遍存在大客户依赖问题,多数企业前五大客户营收占比超七成,抗风险能力弱,同时很多中小制造企业供应链管理不规范,供应商资质不合规,给资本化进程带来阻碍。

3. 监管启示:针对家族控股的中小制造企业IPO,监管层需要加强对上下游交易合规性、业绩可持续性的审核,同时也需要引导细分制造企业优化客户和供应链结构,提升整体抗风险能力。

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Quick Summary

This article discloses the operational status and potential risks of Zhejiang Yongli Precision, a company currently pursuing an IPO on the Beijing Stock Exchange (BSE). Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Company overview: Founded in 1989 as a school-run collective enterprise, Yongli Precision became a typical family-owned business after restructuring. The controlling family holds a combined 95% of voting rights, and occupies key board seats. The company specializes in automotive precision steel pipes and components, is already listed on the New Third Board, and has submitted its registration application for a BSE IPO.

2. Performance shifts: The company has seen a reversal in growth: revenue turned from expansion to contraction in 2025, dropping 4.87% year-over-year. It projects both revenue and profit will decline in the first quarter of 2026. Price cuts for its core products failed to drive meaningful sales growth, and falling sales and revenue are widespread across its full product line.

3. Key operational risks: Issues including over-reliance on major clients, high concentration on both upstream and downstream sides, and questionable qualifications of some suppliers have created significant uncertainty over its IPO process.

This article discloses operational insights on an upstream automotive component manufacturer that serve as multi-dimensional references for brand players across the automotive supply chain. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Price competition: The ongoing price war in the Chinese auto industry has now spread to secondary upstream suppliers. Component manufacturers have to continuously cut supply prices to retain partnerships with major downstream clients. While this keeps their cooperation scale intact, it compresses profit margins, meaning price competition pressure from downstream brands is fully passed through to upstream players.

2. Client portfolio strategy: Over-concentration on a single core major client carries extremely high risk, as corporate performance becomes fully tied to the client’s production capacity and demand shifts. Yongli Precision’s projected first-quarter performance decline directly stems from BYD’s production cuts in early 2026. Additionally, major clients can impact a supplier’s cash flow by adjusting credit policies.

3. Supply chain management: Non-compliant supplier qualifications can trigger compliance risks for a company, and even derail capital market plans. Brands should proactively audit supplier qualifications to eliminate compliance hidden risks, regardless of whether they have an IPO planned.

This article offers extensive risk warnings and practical lessons for sellers in the automotive components sector. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Industry trends and risks: China’s auto industry growth is slowing, intensifying price competition in the upstream components track, while overall demand remains weak. Price cuts cannot effectively drive sales growth; in 2025, most component categories saw declines in both sales volume and revenue, pushing up operational pressure across the entire sector.

2. Risks of client structure: A business model heavily reliant on major clients carries major hidden risks. Yongli Precision’s top five clients account for more than 76% of its total revenue. If a core client cuts demand or demands price cuts, it directly hits the supplier’s performance, and also ties up accounts receivable, straining cash flow.

3. IPO compliance tips: For sellers planning an IPO, upstream and downstream concentration and supplier qualifications are core regulatory focus areas. High-value procurement from suppliers with zero registered social insurance contributors will raise regulators’ questions about transaction legitimacy. Sellers need to proactively sort out and resolve compliance issues ahead of time.

This case study offers valuable operational insights for automotive component manufacturing factories. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Production-side demand: The auto industry’s price sensitivity for components continues to rise; downstream vehicle makers and core component manufacturers are continuously pushing down upstream procurement prices. Factories need to continuously optimize production and control costs to meet downstream price cut demands and retain cooperative partnerships.

2. Growth opportunities: Entering the supplier system of leading vehicle manufacturers can drive rapid order growth. After Yongli Precision joined BYD’s supply chain in 2021, its annual sales to BYD grew from RMB 63.18 million to RMB 136 million, making BYD its second-largest client. Partnering with leading vehicle makers is a key growth path for component factories.

3. Operational risk takeaways: Factories should avoid over-reliance on a small number of clients and suppliers, as high upstream-downstream concentration magnifies operational risk. Additionally, supplier non-compliance directly harms a factory’s own compliance standing. Factories pursuing capitalization plans should proactively optimize their supply chain structure and audit supplier qualifications in advance.

Disclosures in this article offer industry references and business direction insights for automotive industry chain service providers. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Industry trends: The secondary automotive component supplier sector is seeing growing headwinds concentration: leading suppliers that partner with top vehicle makers gain order growth, but the sector overall is hit by weak demand from the broader auto industry downturn, intensifying price competition, and most players have seen revenue decline and face heavy operational pressure.

2. Core client pain points: First, unreasonable client structure with high reliance on major clients leads to volatile performance and cash flow vulnerable to clients’ credit policy adjustments. Second, non-standard supply chain management, high supply chain concentration, and non-compliant supplier qualifications expose companies to regulatory inquiry risks. Third, insufficient compliance preparation for capitalization leaves many IPO-bound companies vulnerable to IPO delays from equity and supply chain issues.

3. Business opportunities: Service providers can develop targeted services for IPO-bound automotive component companies, including supply chain compliance audits, client structure optimization consulting, and capitalization compliance coaching. Market demand for these services is clear.

This case study of an IPO-bound company offers valuable references for capital market platform operators on operations and risk mitigation. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Corporate listing demand: High-quality manufacturing firms in niche tracks generally have demand to access capital markets via public listing. As a specialized automotive precision component player, Yongli Precision is pursuing a BSE IPO after listing on the New Third Board, aligning with the BSE’s positioning of serving specialized and innovative manufacturing enterprises.这类企业是平台重要的招商来源。

2. Platform review priorities: The BSE currently enforces strict requirements on the sustainability of performance, internal control compliance, and disclosure quality for IPO candidates. It has already issued inquiries to Yongli Precision over its performance reversal, major client dependency, and supplier qualification issues, with a core focus on the company’s ability to maintain continuous operations.

3. Risk mitigation insights: When reviewing IPO candidates, platforms need to prioritize checks on internal control compliance at family-controlled firms, operational risks from high upstream-downstream concentration, and the legitimacy of non-standard transactions. Proactive risk screening improves the quality of listed firms and protects investor interests.

Yongli Precision’s IPO case offers high reference value for both automotive industry research and capital market research. Key insights are as follows:

1. New industry trends: The price war in China’s automotive supply chain continues to spread upward; price competition in the vehicle market has now extended to secondary upstream component suppliers. Leading vehicle manufacturers continue to gain greater bargaining power, and upstream suppliers have to accept successive price cuts to enter leading supply chains. Industry profits are shifting to upstream and downstream ends, continuously squeezing profit margins for midstream component manufacturers.

2. New emerging industry problems: Companies in niche component tracks commonly face over-reliance on major clients: most see more than 70% of revenue coming from the top five clients, leaving them with weak risk resilience. Meanwhile, many small and mid-sized manufacturing firms have non-standard supply chain management and non-compliant suppliers, which creates major barriers to their capitalization process.

3. Regulatory insights: For IPOs of family-controlled small and mid-sized manufacturing firms, regulators should strengthen review of the compliance of upstream and downstream transactions and the sustainability of performance, while also guiding niche manufacturing firms to optimize their client and supply chain structures and improve overall risk resilience.

Disclaimer: The "Quick Summary" content is entirely generated by AI. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information. For issues or corrections, please email run@ebrun.com .

I am a Brand Seller Factory Service Provider Marketplace Seller Researcher Read it again.

汽车工业是我国经济的重要支柱产业之一,作为国内较早进入汽车用精密钢管行业的企业,浙江永励精密制造股份有限公司(以下简称 “永励精密”)正全力冲刺北交所,近日已提交注册。

永励精密前身是一家校办集体企业,改制为个人独资后,是一个典型的“家族企业”。

过去,受益于汽车市场景气度较高趋势,永励精密业绩得以增长。但在2025年,公司业绩增长颓势初显,营收转向下滑,北交所也对其业绩可持续性提出质疑。

在经营层面,公司对比亚迪较为依赖,此外,公司的供应商集中且资质存疑,种种问题均对其持续经营能力、内控合规水平与信息披露质量构成挑战。

重重挑战之下,永励精密是否能够如愿登陆资本市场?

01 家族控股95%,还未上市业绩已“变脸”

永励精密的创办历史可追溯到1989年,其前身为校办集体企业。

彼时,王兴海在宁海县梅林镇大路周村担任党支部书记;1989年3月,王兴海与宁海县梅林初级中学共同创办宁海县精密无缝管厂,属于校办集体企业,隶属县教育局管辖。

2001年10月,宁海县精密无缝管厂改制为王兴海个人独资的私营企业,并更名为永信有限。2021年9月,永信有限变更为股份有限公司,并于2024年10月成功登陆新三板。

截至招股书签署之日,王兴海、王晓园、王媛媛、王芳芳、孙时骏和施戈为永励精密的控股股东和实际控制人,合计控制公司95.00%的股份表决权。

其中,王晓园、王媛媛、王芳芳为王兴海之女,孙时骏为王媛媛配偶,施戈为王晓园配偶。据悉,各方签署了《一致行动协议》,约定若无法达成一致意见时,以王晓园的意见为准。

「创业最前线」注意到,王兴海一家不仅持股集中,还把永励精密管理权牢牢掌握在自己家族手中。

招股书披露,永励精密的董事会由9名董事组成,其中3名为独立董事,剩下6名董事中,王兴海任董事、王晓园任董事长、孙时骏任董事兼总经理、施戈任董事兼副总经理,占据4席董事席位。

目前,永励精密主要从事汽车用精密钢管及管型零部件的研发、生产和销售,主要产品包括底盘系统管件、转向系统管件、发动机系统管件和其他产品。

2023年至2025年(以下简称“报告期”),永励精密营业收入分别为5.08亿元、5.68亿元和5.40亿元,同比增长22.15%、11.72%和-4.87%;归母净利润分别为9294.83万元、9480.60万元和1.09亿元,同比增长53.92%、2.00%和15.03%。

2026年一季度,公司预计实现营业收入1.18亿元至1.23亿元,同比下滑7.56%至11.56%;归母净利润2217.71万元至2440.60万元,同比下滑8.80%至17.13%,营收、利润将双双下滑。

从“增利不增收”到“预计营收利润双降”,永励精密在招股书中解释称,是受原材料价格下行及市场竞争等因素的影响,公司产品价格下调。

尽管产品价格下调,但并未显著提振公司销量。

例如,底盘系统管件为永励精密的核心产品,每年贡献超八成主营业务收入。问询函回复显示,2025年,公司底盘系统管件的销售均价同比下滑4.68%,而销量仅同比增长0.77%,导致产品收入同比下滑3.94%。

不仅如此,2025年转向系统管件均价上涨、发动机系统管件均价下滑,但最终结果是,这两个产品的销售收入和销量较2024年均出现不同程度的下滑。

02 过度依赖比亚迪,4位大客户销售收入下滑

面对营业收入下滑,销量萎缩的现状,永励精密仍在招股书中表示,公司的在手订单规模以及国内汽车行业的发展前景,佐证了其业绩增长具备较强的可持续性。

但「创业最前线」注意到,永励精密核心客户的需求已经出现波动。

招股书披露,公司的客户包括天纳克、比亚迪、万都、安斯泰莫等国内外知名汽车零部件供应商、整车厂,带动收入增长的主要客户、主要品牌及车型为比亚迪王朝系列、海洋系列,以及天纳克理想、奔驰系列。

报告期内,永励精密对前五大客户的销售金额分别为3.53亿元、4.40亿元和4.13亿元,占营业收入的比例分别为69.56%、77.47%和76.45%。

其中,天纳克一直是永励精密第一大客户。据悉,天纳克是全球领先的汽车零部件供应商,主营汽车悬挂和行驶控制、排气/排放控制、动力总成零部件等,同时覆盖原厂配套与全球汽车售后市场。

报告期内,永励精密向天纳克的销售金额分别为1.49亿元、1.79亿元和1.67亿元,2025年销售额有所下降。

2025年,公司对天纳克应用于理想、奔驰品牌车型的产品销售收入分别同比减少了1886.02万元和578.25万元。

除天纳克之外,2025年,永励精密来自安斯泰莫、厚成、万都三位大客户的销售金额都呈下滑趋势,只有来自比亚迪的收入有所增长。

据悉,永励精密于2021年进入比亚迪供应商体系,此后,永励精密与比亚迪合作加深,销售额也逐年增长,报告期内分别为6318.31万元、1.30亿元和1.36亿元,是永励精密的第二大客户。

值得注意的是,在来自比亚迪销售额保持增长的背后,也带来了不少隐患。2024年和2025年,公司对比亚迪的销售价格变动率分别为-8.16%和-9.29%。

对此,永励精密在问询函回复中表示,公司对比亚迪的销售价格总体呈逐年下降趋势,主要是由于公司与比亚迪每半年度进行协商调价,公司综合考虑原材料钢材价格下行、市场竞争因素以及盈利能力等因素后,对产品价格进行了一定的下调。

对比亚迪降价之后,双方的合作规模得以增长,同时永励精密对比亚迪的应收账款也在快速增长。据悉,永励精密给予天纳克等客户的信用期通常在3-4个月,而对比亚迪的信用政策为2个月信用期+到期支付迪链,而收到的迪链期限通常为6个月。

截至报告期各期末,公司应收账款余额分别为2.06亿元、2.61亿元和1.70亿元,其中来自比亚迪的应收账款就高达4811万元、1.19亿元和4081.78万元。

2025年末,公司应收账款余额占当期营业收入比例较2024年有所下降,主要是因为自2025年9月开始,比亚迪信用政策改为1个月信用期+商业承兑汇票支付,公司收到商业承兑汇票后以应收票据核算。

2026年1月至2月,由于比亚迪产量出现一定程度下滑,也是导致永励精密预计2026年一季度业绩下降的原因之一。可见,比亚迪对公司业绩影响之深。

在如此依赖大客户的情况下,永励精密又如何向外界证明业绩的长期稳定性?

03 向参保0人的供应商高价采购,供应商集中度偏高

依赖下游客户的永励精密,上游供应商集中度也偏高,而与部分供应商合作的合理性,也直接引发监管层的关注。

报告期内,永励精密向前五大供应商采购额分别为2.18亿元、2.27亿元和2.25亿元,占采购总额比例分别为82.31%、84.69%和83%。

其中,江苏吉华钢材有限公司(以下简称“江苏吉华”)一直是永励精密的前五大供应商之一,报告期各期的采购金额分别为7784万元、1.08亿元和1.01亿元。

然而天眼查显示,截至2024年,江苏吉华的参保人数为0。

这也引起了北交所的关注,在问询函中,北交所要求公司说明主要供应商及外协厂商的采购规模与其经营能力是否匹配。

永励精密解释称,江苏吉华为钢材贸易商,并不从事生产性活动,依托于进货资源、销售渠道开展业务,交易规模与公司经营能力相匹配。

而类似的情况并不罕见。天眼查显示,永励精密的另一家供应商上海狄宝商贸有限公司2024年的参保人数仅有2人。

另一方面,永励精密向江苏吉华的采购价格高于向上海宝钢采购同类钢材的价格。例如2023至2025年,永励精密向江苏吉华采购的酸洗板卷价格高于上海宝钢。

以2025年为例,公司向江苏吉华采购15#钢类、20#钢类、高强度钢类单价分别为3676.37元/吨、4014.40元/吨和4376.06元/吨;向上海宝钢采购单价分别为3651.16元/吨、3878.69元/吨、4277.13元/吨。

永励精密解释称,公司通过江苏吉华采购由首钢生产的多种特定牌号的酸洗高强度钢类,且生产成本较高。

如今,永励精密已迈入IPO提交注册的关键阶段,但公司存在的业绩稳定性能否持续,以及上下游高度集中引发的经营隐患等问题,仍使其IPO进程面临严峻考验。

接下来,公司能否成功迈进资本市场,「创业最前线」也将持续关注。

注:文/希波,文章来源:创业最前线(公众号ID:chuangyezuiqianxian),本文为作者独立观点,不代表亿邦动力立场。

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FAQ回顾

永励精密2025年业绩表现如何?

2025年,永励精密营业收入为5.40亿元,同比下滑4.87%;归母净利润为1.09亿元,同比增长15.03%。预计2026年一季度营收和归母净利润将双双下滑。

永励精密对比亚迪的依赖程度有多高?

比亚迪是永励精密第二大客户,2025年销售额达1.36亿元。公司对比亚迪销售价格逐年下降,且比亚迪的信用政策及产量波动对公司业绩和现金流有显著影响。

永励精密的供应商存在哪些问题?

供应商集中度高,前五大供应商采购占比超80%。主要供应商江苏吉华参保人数为0,且公司向其采购价格高于向上海宝钢采购同类钢材的价格,引发监管关注。

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